Remote access technology is leading managers to a more relaxed style of working, according to new research.

A survey of 2,200 managers found that those who used smartphones were twice as likely to make calls 'while on the toilet' and twice as likely to check emails or SMS messages 'at a wedding or funeral'.

Some 51 per cent have participated in a conference call wearing only a bathrobe - or less.

"Most workers rely on communications technology during their working day, and the ability to access information remotely has an obvious appeal," said Ian Groves, director of unified communications applications at Avaya.

"Multiple communication technologies can result in too many messages in too many places. It can be a virtual chaos.

"Our survey reveals that smartphone users, and particularly senior level employees, are taking advantage of unified communications to ensure that business opportunities aren't missed, while enjoying the benefits of flexible working."

Nearly two thirds of smartphone users use their devices during meetings to communicate, and nearly half refuse to take videoconferencing calls because they are inappropriately dressed.

Senior managers are much more relaxed about matters than their junior counterparts. Some 17 per cent of senior vice presidents will sleep during conference calls compared with five per cent of more junior staff.