PBR 09: The chancellor's speech in full

Mr Speaker, today’s Pre-Budget Report takes place at a critical time for our
economy and for our country.

Governments across the world have taken co-ordinated steps to deal with the
biggest financial crisis for over half a century.

In the UK, our action has reduced the impact of this downturn on families and
businesses.

But there is still uncertainty.

So the task today is to secure the recovery and promote long-term growth.

To promote growth, we need to invest in the dynamic sectors of the future –
in digital, bio and low-carbon technology.

I will announce measures that will support these industries.

To promote growth, we also need to invest in the skills of young people to
prevent a lost generation of youth unemployment.

I will announce measures to guarantee work opportunities for the young.

And to promote growth we need as well to maintain support until the recovery
is secured and to halve the deficit over four years, in an orderly way, which
does not threaten the investment vital for our future.

The choices are between going for growth or putting the recovery at risk.

To reduce the deficit while protecting front-line services or cuts which put
these services in danger.

Choices between two competing visions.

This Pre-Budget Report is about building a fairer society and securing
opportunity for all.

Mr Speaker, when I delivered the Pre-Budget Report just over 12 months ago,
we were faced with the sharpest and most widespread global downturn in
generations.

The near collapse of the financial system quickly fed through into the wider
global economy.

World trade went down sharply. Unemployment sharply up across the world.

Families and businesses in every continent felt the pain.

Governments around the world intervened to rescue the banking system.

We supported our economies, with tax cuts, increased government spending and
co-ordinated action to lower interest rates and to boost money supply.

None were easy choices. Some even argued that we should not have acted.

But as a result of these actions, there is growing evidence that global
confidence is returning.

The US housing market, which triggered the crisis, is stabilising. So is the
housing market here.

Global manufacturing is up almost 6 per cent. World stock markets by 30 per
cent.

Mr Speaker, as the world’s largest financial centre, the turmoil in the
banking sector has had a substantial effect on the UK.

With more homeowners than in Europe, a global slump in property prices hit
confidence hard in this country.

As the sixth biggest exporter of goods and second largest exporter of
services, our trade has been hit.

But as demand picks up abroad – as is already happening – British businesses
will benefit.

So I am confident that the UK economy will start growing by the turn of the
year.

However, Mr Speaker, across the world, there remain risks to the recovery.

Oil prices are volatile.

Recent market reaction to financial problems in Dubai highlights just how
fragile world confidence remains.

So while I am confident that the UK economy is on the road to recovery, we
can’t be complacent.

And we must continue to support the economy until recovery is established.

To cut support now could wreck the recovery – that’s a risk I am not prepared
to take.

Mr Speaker, this time last year we recognised the exceptional trading
difficulties that business was facing.

In the past, inaction by government to support firms led to widespread – and
avoidable – business failure.

I was determined that we didn’t repeat this mistake.

In an unprecedented move, I cut VAT to 15 per cent for a year to put over
£11bn into the pockets of consumers and retailers.

This countered the impact on businesses of the global credit squeeze and the
collapse in consumer demand when it was needed most.

I can confirm that VAT will return to 17.5 per cent on January 1 as planned.

Mr Speaker, I have no other changes in VAT to announce.

To ease problems with cash-flow and access to bank lending, we deferred tax
rises and extended tax allowances for businesses.

Because we chose to intervene, the rate of business insolvencies is far lower
than would have been expected.

In the recession of the early 90s proportionally twice as many businesses
went under.

Mr Speaker, while some measures such as the VAT cut, the Working Capital and
Trade Credit Insurance Scheme are finishing, it is right to extend others while
uncertainty remains.

The Time to Pay scheme has helped over 160,000 businesses spread their tax
payments over a timetable they can afford.

They get additional time when they need it most – and, because firms continue
trading, the likelihood of companies paying the tax owed increases.

So I have decided that the scheme will be extended for as long as is needed.

Last year, I temporarily increased the threshold for empty property relief to
help small businesses.

I can announce it will be extended so that, for 2010-11, empty commercial
properties with a rateable value below £18,000 will be exempt from business
rates.

Seventy per cent of all empty properties will continue to be exempt.

I have one further announcement to help small businesses.

I have decided to defer the increase in corporation tax for smaller
companies.

This will leave the 2010 tax rate unchanged for 850,000 small businesses –
helping them until recovery is secured.

Mr Speaker, in the early 1990s, hundreds of thousands of families lost their
homes. I did not want to see this repeated.

So we introduced a comprehensive range of measures to allow families to stay
in their homes and to help young couples onto the housing ladder.

As a result, repossessions are now running at around half the rate of the
recession of the early 90s.

By the time the stamp duty holiday finishes at the end of this month, I
expect 240,000 homebuyers to have been helped.

But, with unemployment still likely to rise, it would not be right to
withdraw all support now for homeowners.

Last year, I improved the Support for Mortgage Interest scheme to provide
better cover for mortgage interest payments for those who had lost their jobs.

Over 220,000 people have been helped so far. I have decided this additional
support will be extended for a further six months.

There will, of course, be a cost to this and other continued Government
support.

But the cost to families of losing their home would be immense. And it would
be a false economy for the country.

For the more successful these measures are in restoring confidence to the
housing market, the lower the cost will be to the Exchequer.

Mr Speaker, the best way of avoiding repossessions is to help people stay in
work or re-enter the labour market quickly.

Such a deep global recession was always going to have a damaging impact on
employment.

The bleak news last week that Corus is to shut its Teesside plant underlined
that the reduction in global demand will have an impact on jobs for some time to
come.

That’s why yesterday I agreed, with the SoS for Business, to provide £30m
from within existing resources to help industry in Teesside.

Again no Government, even during times of the strongest economic growth, can
prevent every job loss.

Unemployment has risen in the UK and will keep rising for some time.

But it remains lower than in France, Canada, the United States and the euro
area.

In fact, even now there are 2.5m more people in work than there were in 1997.

Because of our values of fairness and opportunity, promoting employment has
always been – and remains – a top priority for this Government.

Unemployment can never be a price worth paying.

As the global recession hit our country, we responded by bringing forward
investment in vital infrastructure projects to protect jobs – and finding an
additional £3bn to help people find new work quicker.

We expanded the Job Centre Plus network and offered support through the Rapid
Response Service to staff in 3,000 firms hit by redundancies.

Help including training, volunteering and recruitment subsidies has been
offered for those still unemployed after six months.

Mr Speaker, it is clear that we are making a difference. Unemployment has
increased much less than expected by independent forecasters.

If we had seen the same rate of job loss, relative to GDP, as we saw in the
early 1990s, four times as many people would have lost their jobs.

Despite the severity of the global recession, the claimant count today stands
at 1.6m compared to three million reached in 1985 and 1992.

Our comprehensive support means a short spell in unemployment is not turning
into a lifetime on benefits, as happened in the recessions of the 1980s and 90s.

Indeed, over 3m people have been helped off the claimant count in the last
year.

Despite this support, Mr Speaker, there are groups who need more help.

Past recessions have had a very damaging impact on young people, who should
be starting their working lives, but instead were unemployed.

Our package of support for the young already includes a place for every 16
and 17 year-old in education or training.

I intend to provide funding so that this guarantee will be available to
school-leavers again next September.

In the Budget I went further, and announced that every 18-24 year-old will be
guaranteed work or training after 12 months out-of-work.

I don’t want them to have to wait that long, so I am bringing this forward.

I have decided that from next month no-one under-24 needs to be unemployed
for longer than six months before being guaranteed work or training.

Mr Speaker, in the past, older people were allowed – indeed often encouraged
– to drift into permanent unemployment.

We can’t afford to write off this experience.

So we will ensure the over-50s receive specialist and tailored support, to
equip them with the confidence and skills needed to get a job.

We also want to encourage those who want to stay working part-time after they
reach retirement age and make work pay for everyone, regardless of their age.

To make it easier for those over 65 to receive Working Tax Credit, we will
reduce the minimum number of hours they need to work to be eligible.

Mr Speaker, we chose not to let people sink when they lost their jobs but to
intervene to help them stay afloat.

This is good for the individuals, their families and also the wider economy,
boosting spending and, in turn, creating new jobs.

The more successful our targeted support, the more likely that the rise in
unemployment will be lower than expected and therefore cost the country less –
as has already happened.

Government action has made a real difference.

Mr Speaker, the worldwide recession has had an impact on all families.

And it is often the most vulnerable who are affected most, including those on
modest incomes who have been put on shorter hours.

The Government’s flexible tax credits system has risen to the challenge of
the downturn, delivering substantial support to families to compensate for this
loss of pay.

So far this year, because of tax credits 400,000 families whose income has
fallen have benefited from this extra help – on average £37 more per week.

For those who doubt the value of tax credits, here is the proof that they
work.

The recession has also had other effects – for the first time in half a
century, the Retail Prices Index has been negative for much of this year.

This helps families with the cost of essential goods. But many benefits and
tax credits are also linked to the September RPI.

RPI inflation last September was minus 1.4 per cent. This would have meant no
increase in these benefits in April.

I do not believe that such a freeze would be fair.

So I can confirm the basic state pension will not be frozen, but will rise by
2.5per cent in April – a real terms increase of nearly 4 per cent.

I can also tell the House that, from the Budget, I will cut bingo duty from
22 to 20 per cent.

I also want to help families receiving other benefits linked to the inflation
figures – such as child benefit and some disability benefits.

These benefits will rise by 1.5 per cent in April.

Mr Speaker, we are committed to helping people back into work, and making
work pay.

I have decided to roll-out across the country a guarantee, that anyone in
work will always be better off than they were on benefits.

If this is not already the case, they will be guaranteed extra money from the
Government.

Making sure that work really does pay for everyone and encouraging more
people to re-enter the labour market.

So, Mr Speaker, we are continuing to provide targeted support for people and
businesses, as we secure the recovery.

Mr Speaker, across world economies, the first half of this year saw a sharper
deterioration than had been expected. This is also true here in the UK.

Up to the third quarter of this year, the global recession has meant a
cumulative economic contraction of:

• 3.2 per cent in the US;

• 5.6 per cent in Germany;

• 5.9 per cent in Italy;

• And 7.7 per cent in Japan.

Over the year as a whole, the UK economy is expected to have contracted by
4.75 per cent this year.

But as I forecast at the Budget, I expect a return to growth in the fourth
quarter.

Next year , I forecast growth of between 1 and 1.5 per cent – as I said at
the Budget.

Because of the underlying strength of our economy, the pick-up in world
demand, and the substantial spare capacity opened up by the recession, my Budget
forecast, broadly in line with the Bank of England, of growth of 3.5 percent in
2011 and 2012 remains unchanged.

But this growth will come from more varied sources and not depend as much on
the financial sector which will, of course, remain an important part of our
economy.

Growth will be driven by fresh opportunities to export as the global economy
expands and by investment by business in the key industries of the future.

It is growth which I am determined to support in this Pre-Budget Report.

Mr Speaker, partly because of the reversal of the VAT cut, consumer inflation
will rise from 1 ½ per cent to around 3 per cent early next year, before falling
back.

The Bank of England expects inflation to then fall below target and reach 1 ½
per cent by the end of next year.

Mr Speaker, the global recession has had an impact on the public finances in
every country, with tax revenues falling and spending increasing to support the
economy.

Here in the UK, the financial sector, which provided over a quarter of all
corporate tax revenues, has been hard hit.

Revenues from stamp duty and income tax are sharply down. And it will take
time for tax revenues to recover.

Mr Speaker, our steps to maintain stability in the banking sector have also
had an impact on the public finances.

At the Budget, given the extreme uncertainty at the time, I made a
provisional £50bn estimate of possible taxpayer losses from our interventions in
the financial sector.

These risks have now significantly diminished, because of the successful
intervention of governments to support the global financial system.

Lloyds Banking Group, for example, has been able to raise capital from the
markets and is not receiving Government support in the Asset Protection Scheme.

We have also restructured RBS’s participation in this scheme, so that there
are no expected losses for the taxpayer.

Other banks are also in a much more stable situation.

As a result, I can revise down my provision for any potential impact on the
public finances from £50bn to around £10bn.

But our objective remains to get all the taxpayers’ money back, on top of the
fees charged for supporting banks through this crisis.

Mr Speaker, I have been clear that support during the downturn must go
hand-in-hand with steps to rebuild our fiscal strength once recovery is firmly
established.

Backed by legislation introduced today, the Government will ensure:

public sector net borrowing, as a share of GDP, falls every year and is more
than halved by 2013-14;

and net debt, as a share of GDP, is falling in 2015-16.

I believe this is a sensible timetable.

To consolidate too soon, too quickly or too indiscriminately, as some have
proposed, risks delaying the recovery and threatening a longer recession.

When Japan tightened prematurely in the 1990s it pushed the economy back into
recession, making debt and deficits much higher, not lower.

Mr Speaker, taken together, this Pre-Budget report secures a fall in
borrowing each year until 2013-14, to meet our deficit reduction plan.

At the Budget, I forecast that public sector net borrowing would be £175bn
this year and fall to £97bn in 2013-14.

Because of the severity of the recession my forecast for borrowing this year
is £178bn.

Next year it will fall to £176bn.

And, as the economy recovers and the deficit reduction plan starts to take
effect, then falls to:

• £140bn;

• £117bn;

• and reaches £96bn in 2013-14, slightly lower than I forecast in April;

• before falling to £82bn in 2014-15.

As a share of GDP, borrowing will be:

• 12.6 per cent this year,

• 12 per cent next,

• then 9.1 per cent,

• 7.1 per cent,

• 5.5 per cent in 2013-14,

• and falls to 4.4 per cent in 2014-15.

Excluding public sector investment, or capital spending, and taking into
account the economic cycle, the budget deficit is expected to fall to 1.9 per
cent by the end of the forecast period.

Mr Speaker, public sector debt has increased in every G20 country as a result
of this global recession.

Net debt as a share of GDP is expected to reach 82 per cent in Germany, 83
per cent in France and 85 per cent in the United States.

As a result of the lower provision for possible losses on our financial
sector interventions, I can forecast net debt will reach 56 per cent of GDP this
year.

It will then increase to 65 per cent next year and 78 per cent by the end of
the forecast period in 2014-15.

Net debt, as a share of GDP, will begin to fall the year after that.

Even at its peak, debt will be in line with the average for the other G7
economies.

Mr Speaker, I believe we have made the right choices to help the country
through the recession when we could have chosen to do nothing.

We also need to make the right choices to reduce the deficit.

At the Budget I set out how we would do this, by encouraging growth now and
in the future, with fair tax increases, and with tighter control of public
spending.

I now want to set out further details of how we will achieve this deficit
reduction plan.

The combination of the talents of the British people and today’s low
inflation and low interest rate environment provides us with a strong platform
to meet our ambition of long-term sustainable growth.

So, too, does having the most flexible labour market in Europe, the lowest
rate of corporation tax in the G7 and a competition regime among the best in the
world.

It is why we are judged as one of the best locations to do business and
attract inward investment.

I am determined to build on these strengths today by:

• maintaining our leadership in the low-carbon sector;

• boosting investment in our national infrastructure and skills;

• supporting our world-class hi-tech industries.

In line with this Pre-Budget Report being neutral overall, two thirds of the
targeted measures that I will now announce come from within existing budgets.

Mr Speaker, for businesses to expand and grow, they need access to credit.

Following intervention by the Government, total bank loans to businesses
today are above where they were when the crisis hit in 2007.

We have seen over £50bn in new business loans from RBS and Lloyds alone.

But unsurprisingly, at the same time, other businesses have reacted to the
uncertainty by repaying existing loans.

Which is why net lending as a whole is down.

I am very aware that some small and medium businesses still encounter
difficulties getting loans.

As recovery gets underway, we need to ensure that SMEs get the credit they
need, and we are working with the banks to make sure that happens.

We are also working to secure a contribution from the major banks towards a
£500m Growth Capital Fund, which will invest specifically in small business. We
will announce further details shortly.

Mr Speaker, in January we launched the Enterprise Finance Guarantee which has
already offered government guarantees on bank loans to over 6,000 businesses.

Today I have decided to extend this scheme for a further 12 months which will
guarantee a further £500m of loans to small businesses.

Mr Speaker, this week sees the start of the UN Conference on Climate Change,
a historic opportunity for a universal agreement to tackle global warming.

We can be proud that the UK has led the way – on meeting the Kyoto targets,
introducing carbon budgets, and recognising too that developing countries need
help to reduce their own emissions.

Mr Speaker, tackling climate change will bring new opportunities for new
low-carbon industries.

This will create the high-skilled, high-paid jobs crucial to our future
prosperity.

Today I can redirect existing funding, and invest in wind power, renewable
energy and other green industries.

Through the Innovation Investment Fund and the Carbon Trust’s Venture
Capital scheme, we will support at least £160m of public and private investment
in low carbon projects.

We will also invest £90m in the European Investment Bank’s new 2020 fund,
which will enable 6.5bn euros of finance for green infrastructure projects.

In addition, I can tell the House today that we will double our commitment
and finance four Carbon Capture and Storage demonstration projects, to make us
world-leaders in this vital area.

Mr Speaker, as well as investing in clean and low-carbon technologies, we
must become more energy efficient, to cut emissions as well as household bills.

The roll-out of smart meters, which will be completed by 2020, will help
families identify how to become energy efficient.

Improving home insulation is key. A quarter of all the country’s emissions
come from households.

Already 235,000 homes have benefited from the Warm Front scheme for more
efficient heating and insulation for the most vulnerable.

Today I can announce an additional £200m, from April, to help with energy
efficiency.

An extra 75,000 households will benefit from an extension of the Warm Front
scheme.

This will go alongside further requirements from the energy companies, up to
£300m overall, to provide discounts on energy bills to another 1m low-income
households.

Mr Speaker, each inefficient boiler adds over £200 to household bills and one
tonne of carbon to the atmosphere a year.

Building on our successful car scrappage scheme, I will help up to 125,000
homes replace the most inefficient boilers with new models.

I can also announce changes to the climate change levy, company car tax, and
fuel benefit charge.

I have three more targeted measures to announce.

From April, people with a home wind turbine or solar panels who plug their
excess power into the national grid, will receive on average £900 a year.

I intend to make this payment tax free.

To help boost the number of electric cars on our streets, I have decided to
exempt them from company car tax for 5 years.

And I can also announce a one hundred per cent first year capital allowance
for electric vans.

Mr Speaker, a key component of our growth strategy is investment to keep
goods and people moving.

This Government has made huge strides in rebuilding the national
infrastructure following years of neglect.

Continued public investment here is essential to growth.

This year public sector investment reached a 30-year high and has delivered
over 70 road and motorway schemes, and improved journey times across the rail
network.

Work is now underway on Crossrail, the Thameslink project, and from this
month, the upgrade of the M1. All this work will continue.

So will the rail electrification programmes for the Great Western Main Line
and the North West announced in July.

I can tell the House today that I have also given the go-ahead to further
plans for rail electrification between Liverpool, Manchester and Preston. The
SoS for Transport will announce further details shortly.

The Government will respond, as well, early next year to proposals for a new
high speed rail line from London to West Midlands and to the North and Scotland.

Mr Speaker, since 1997 we have helped millions gain qualifications or
training. Apprenticeships have trebled.

New advanced apprenticeships will meet the skills needed in key growth
sectors such as advanced manufacturing, low carbon, digital technologies, and
biosciences.

We also want to break down informal barriers which close off some careers to
undergraduates from poorer backgrounds.

I can announce we will offer financial support for up to 10,000
undergraduates from low-income backgrounds to take up short internships in
industry, business and the professions.

This will give them a taste of careers which they may not otherwise have
considered – and further details will be announced shortly.

Mr Speaker, we are modernising the UK’s digital infrastructure and, in the
process, creating thousands more skilled jobs.

We have provided funding to help extend the opportunities of the broadband
network to more remote communities.

We now want to go further, so we can provide the next generation of
super-fast broadband to 90 per cent of the population by the end of 2017.

This will be funded through a duty of 50 pence a month on landlines which
will be included in the Finance Bill.

Mr Speaker, the oil and gas industry are an essential part of the economy.

To encourage further investment, I am today relaxing the criteria of the
field allowance, to support the development of up to eight known fields, and
encourage further exploration.

And we will work with industry to look at how best to ensure the development
of infrastructure to the west of Shetland.

Mr Speaker, we already have a tremendous track record in key growth
industries.

We have the leading medical biotechnology sector in Europe.

Our aerospace industry is the second largest in the world.

Our creative sector have increased exports by 60 per cent since 2000.

All supported through our investment in science and targeted tax policy.

Mr Speaker, this country has a remarkable record of ideas and innovation.

We’ve won more Nobel prizes than any country of our size.

We need to do more to support this ingenuity and ensure this creativity is
harnessed in this country.

I want to encourage research and development in the pharmaceuticals and
biotech industries.

So, following consultation with business, I will introduce a 10 per cent
corporation tax rate on income which stems from patents in the UK.

This will help maintain jobs in science and technology in this country.

I also want to build on our world-class achievements in the field of medical
research.

With the Wellcome Trust, Cancer Research UK and University College London, we
are working on plans to establish the largest institute in Europe for research
into long-term medical challenges.

Mr Speaker, the new Strategic Investment Fund, set up in April, has already
agreed vital support to hi-tech projects such as Airbus in Wales and life
sciences in Scotland.

We will expand this work, through £100m redirected funds and an extra £100m.

By supporting the low-carbon sector, investing in our vital infrastructure
and our world class industries, we will secure growth, create new jobs and
provide the revenue to help rebuild our fiscal strength.

Mr Speaker, supporting growth is vital to provide the future revenue to halve
borrowing over four years.

But, as I have said, it also requires us to take tough decisions on tax now.

I am determined that any tax increases will continue to be guided by our
values of fairness and responsibility.

Mr Speaker, the banks last year made collective losses of £80bn in this
country alone.

This would have been much higher without the unprecedented level of support
from the taxpayer.

There is no bank which has not benefited, either directly or indirectly, from
this help.

This should be a time for banks to rebuild their capital base and become
stronger.

A tax on profits, as has been suggested, will prevent them from doing this.

So I have decided against a windfall tax.

However, there are some banks who still believe their priority is to pay
substantial bonuses to their already high-paid staff.

Their priority should be to rebuild their financial strength and increase
their lending.

So I am giving them a choice.

They can use their profits to build up their capital base.

But if they insist on paying substantial rewards, I am determined to claw
money back for the taxpayer.

I have decided to introduce from today a special one-off levy of 50 per cent
on any individual discretionary bonus above £25,000.

This will be paid by the bank not the bank employee. Anti-avoidance measures
will be introduced with immediate effect.

High-paid bank staff will of course also have to pay, as usual, income tax at
their top rate on any bonus they receive.

On a cautious assumption, which includes our expectation that some banks will
rein back bonuses, this one-off levy is expected to yield £550m.

This additional money will be used to pay for the extra measures, already
announced, like help for the young and older unemployed to get back into work.

Mr Speaker, under the existing rules, the highest earners benefit
disproportionately. from tax relief on pensions.

At the moment, a quarter of all the money spent on pensions tax relief goes
to the top 1 ½ per cent of earners.

To help to make this fairer, I announced in the Budget that we would reduce
pension tax relief for people with incomes over £150,000.

I want do this as fairly as possible, and treat individuals the same
regardless of whether they receive their pay as current salary or as a future
pension benefit, and prevent avoidance.

So I have decided to include employer pension contributions in the definition
of income for this tax measure.

To provide certainty, I will introduce a floor, so that irrespective of the
size of employer pension contributions, no one with an income below £130,000
will be affected.

Mr Speaker, I believe it is right that parents should be able to pass on
savings to their children.

Before the financial crisis rocked the global economy, I enabled married
couples to combine their inheritance tax allowances. And this will continue.

I also said that allowances would rise to reflect inflation and the expected
continued increase in house prices.

But I do not believe that raising this allowance can be a priority, given the
impact of the downturn on the country’s finances.

So I have decided to freeze the individual allowance at £325,000 for the next
year.

This will still mean that fewer than 3 per cent of estates will pay
inheritance tax.

Mr Speaker, I have decided against any further changes to income tax rates or
thresholds next year, except for some changes in what can be tax-deductible.

Because RPI inflation was negative in September, this will provide a real
terms benefit relative to inflation.

But in April 2012 I have decided to freeze the point at which people start
paying income tax at 40 per cent for one year.

No-one with income below £43,000 will be affected by this change.

It’s also fair that those who should pay tax don’t escape their
responsibilities.

I am determined to tackle activities, such as avoidance and evasion, which
undermine tax receipts.

Since the Budget, HMRC has asked for details of at least 100,000 offshore
accounts held at over 300 financial institutions.

This Pre-Budget Report sets out anti-avoidance and smaller tax measures to
deliver additional revenues, and protect £5bn a year of existing revenues.

These are tough, but necessary, measures to increase tax.

But I have done it in a fair way.

Those on modest incomes are protected.

Those on middle incomes will pay more depending on their earnings.

The biggest burden will fall on those with the broadest shoulders.

Today’s measures, combined with those from the Budget and last year’s
Pre-Budget Report, mean over half of the additional revenue raised will be paid
by the top 2 per cent of earners.

Mr Speaker, fairness in tax is a crucial part of maintaining fiscal
sustainability.

But the majority of the reduction in borrowing will have to come from slower
growth in overall public spending.

We have already set out our spending plans until April 2011.

It would be dangerous, as the head of the IMF said only a couple of weeks
ago, to reduce spending too soon.

So, to continue to support jobs and the economy, we have decided to stick to
our spending plans for next year.

In 2010-11 total public spending will increase by £31bn, a growth rate of 2.2
per cent in real terms, providing continuing strong support for the wider
economy until the recovery is firmly established.

But once the recovery is secured, we must, as I made clear at the time of the
Budget, reduce the rate of growth in public spending, and meet our ambitious
target to halve the deficit.

Mr Speaker, we take these decisions from a position of strength.

In 1997 our public services were in crisis.

Chronic under-investment in health and education had taken its toll.

Hospitals with too few nurses and doctors to meet the needs of patients.

Schools with too few teachers, textbooks and computers.

The country had failed too to invest in transport and vital national
infrastructure.

All damaging to our economy and prosperity.

We have worked hard to turn this round – through a combination of strong
investment and far-reaching reform.

So while the period ahead is going to be challenging, our public services are
in a better state they have been for decades.

But we have to be realistic – the spending environment will be tough over the
next few years.

As long as extraordinary uncertainties remain in the world economy, this is
not a time for a spending review.

We have already set out clear and firm departmental budgets for the next
financial year, but to try and fix each department’s budget now, for the next 5
years, is neither necessary or sensible.

But we can set out a clear direction, based on our economic priorities and
our values as a Government.

We are clear that, following the investments made over the last decade,
current spending growth can be set lower than in the past, and fall to an
average of 0.8 per cent a year between 2011-12 and 2014-15.

That will mean cuts to some budgets, as programmes come to an end or
resources are switched to new priorities. And some programmes will need to be
stopped altogether.

And we believe that, if departments can find further savings and cuts within
their existing budgets, as many are already announcing, this will release
resources so they can continue to improve services.

Already individual departments have made great strides in finding savings –
£10bn in the NHS, £800m in education, over £400m in the police.

But, even in this much tighter financial environment, we are determined to
protect frontline services and sustain the improvements that have been delivered
over the past decade.

The Pre-Budget Report sets out our plan to do this while halving the deficit.

Mr Speaker, first, we must make sure that we get maximum value for every
pound we spend.

Between 2005 and 2008, we delivered £26.5bn of annual efficiency savings –
more than we promised.

And between 2008 and 2011, we are delivering further efficiencies worth over
3 per cent of total department spending per year.

This week, we announced our plans to deliver another round of savings,
amounting to £12bn a year by 2013-14.

Abolishing quangos, cutting consultancy and marketing costs, improving
procurement and streamlining back-office functions.

And we will sell those assets that can be managed better by the private
sector.

Second, we need to focus better on those areas that make most difference to
people’s lives.

We have begun a root and branch review to examine every area of government
spending to drive through efficiency, cut waste and cut lower priority budgets.

Today I am able to announce £5bn of savings from spending programmes,
including:

Phasing-in the roll-out of pension personal accounts;

Cutting back on the scope of major IT projects;

Reforming legal aid and outsourcing inefficient prisons;

Refocusing regeneration spending so it is spent where it is needed most;

Cutting the cost of residential care by supporting older people to stay in
their homes.

Tough choices, but necessary choices.

Third, public sector pay and pensions.

Public pensions need to be broadly in line with those offered in the private
sector.

So by 2012 contributions by the state to public service pensions for
teachers, local government, NHS and the civil service will be capped – saving
around £1bn a year.

Public sector workers will make a greater contribution to the increasing
value of pensions, with those earning over £100,000 paying more.

Public sector pay makes up around half of departmental spending.

The senior civil service will take the lead with a cut in its pay bill of up
to £100m over 3 years.

And any new Government appointment over £150,000 and all bonuses over £50,000
will require explicit approval by the Treasury.

I can announce that, for the two years from 2011, we will seek to ensure that
all public sector pay settlements be capped at 1 per cent.

As with previous pay decisions, we will recognise the special circumstances
of the armed forces.

Mr Speaker, £12bn from greater efficiency, £5bn from scaling back or cutting
lower priorities, and £4.5bn from reducing the cost of public sector pay and
pensions.

These are tough choices, but they are essential if we are to stick to our
plan to halve the deficit and protect the frontline.

Mr Speaker, our first priority must be to make sure our armed forces have all
the resources they need.

The whole House will want to join me in praising the dedication and valour of
our troops, especially those engaged in the conflict in Afghanistan.

They deserve all our support and we must match that support with resources.

For next year, I can announce that a further £2.5bn will be set aside for
military operations in Afghanistan.

At the same time, we will continue to improve the effectiveness of core
defence spending, reducing the civilian workforce and restructuring the
department.

I also want to do more to help those who have served in combat zones and are
retiring from the forces.

I can announce that we will allocate £5m from the expanded Strategic
Investment Fund to help ex-service personnel who want to set up their own
business.

Mr Speaker, in 2005, we led the way towards abolishing the debts of the
poorest countries.

And we have committed to doing more in the fight against global poverty.

Spending on overseas aid remains a very small proportion of our overall
budget.

But it makes a huge difference to the lives of millions of people as well as
creating a fairer world, helping build markets for our goods and countering
extremism.

I can confirm that we will honour our commitments – so spending on overseas
aid will rise to reach 0.7 per cent of Gross National Income by 2013.

Mr Speaker, our top priority is to protect those services which are
absolutely essential to the health of our society and the strength of our
economy:

the health service, crucial for our well-being.

Our police force, crucial for our safety.

And our schools, crucial for our future.

I am determined we will protect the improvements in these front-line services
on which millions rely.

This cannot be done without a further difficult decision.

I intend to increase all employer, employee and self-employed rates of
National Insurance by a further half a per cent from April 2011.

To protect those on modest incomes, I have also decided to raise the starting
point from which national insurance is payable.

No-one earning under £20,000 will pay any more national insurance
contributions as a result.

This will raise £3bn a year from 2011-12.

As a result, Mr Speaker, I am today able to offer guaranteed minimum real
terms increases in spending on front-line NHS and schools for two years from
2011.

As well as providing sufficient funding to maintain the number of police and
community support officers.

This means I can confirm not just that we will increase spending as planned
next year, in hospitals, schools and policing.

But we can also pledge that spending on these crucial front-line services
will continue to rise, over and above inflation, after 2010-11, so that we can
meet the improved public service guarantees and entitlements we have set out.

Mr Speaker, I have one further announcement to make.

Because of my decisions today, I am able to extend free school meals to half
a million primary school children of low income working parents, who previously
would not have been eligible.

Once fully rolled-out, this will lift up to an additional 50,000 children out
of relative poverty, towards our target of abolishing child poverty by 2020.

Mr Speaker, the decisions this Government has made have helped support
business and families through the deepest global recession for over 50 years.

Decisions which have been followed across the world, but opposed by some
here.

The steps that I have announced today are aimed at securing recovery,
reducing borrowing, and through targeted investment, providing a springboard for
long-term growth.

The choice facing the country is between securing recovery or wrecking it.

Between investment to build a fair society where all prosper and a divided
society that favours the wealthy few.

A choice between ambition driven by the values of fairness and opportunity,
or austerity driven by an out-dated dogma.

I commend this statement to the House.